The Man with the Poison Gun Page 34

  4. Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 255–256; Dmytro Viedienieiev, “Iak zahynuv Shukhevych i shcho mohlo statysia z ioho tilom,” Istorychna pravda, August 8, 2011; Olesia Isaiuk, Roman Shukhevych (Kharkiv, 2015).

  5. Aleksandr Pronin, “Likvidatsiia ‘Volka,’” Stoletie, March 25, 2014; Andrei Sidorchik, “Palach dlia terrorista: Ubiitsu Bandery nagradili ordenom,” Argumenty i fakty, March 12, 2014; Posivnych, Stepan Bandera, 216; Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 378.

  CHAPTER 3: SECRET AGENT

  1. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 127.

  2. Ihor Derev’ianyi, “Rozstrily v’iazniv v chervni-lypni 1941 r. Iak tse bulo,” Ukraïns’ka pravda, June, 24, 2011; Lesia Fediv, “Vin ubyv Banderu,” Shchodennyi L’viv, May 22, 2008; Ivan Farion, “Iak by mohla, sama ubyla b ubyvtsiu Bandery . . . ,” Vysokyi zamok, October 14, 2015.

  3. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 125–127; Farion, “Iak by mohla, sama ubyla b ubyvtsiu Bandery. . . .”

  4. Amar, The Paradox of Ukrainian Lviv, 245–253; Roman Heneha, “Uchast’ l’vivs’koho studentstva v rusi oporu v druhii polovyni 1940-kh—na pochatku 1950-kh,” Ukraïns’kyi istorychnyi zhurnal, no. 3 (2007): 97–112; Irina Lisnichenko, “Shcherbitskii postoianno tverdil Semichastnomu,” Fakty, January 19, 2001.

  5. Volodymyr Ovsiichuk, “Pivstolittia tomu . . . ,” in Osiahnennia istorii: Zbirnyk na poshanu profesora Mykoly Pavlovycha Koval’s’koho z nahody 70-richchia (Ostrih, 1999), 13–17; Vitalii Iaremchuk, “Students’ki roky M. P. Koval’s’koho,” in ibid., 18–29; Evgenii Chernov, “N. P. Koval’skii: O vremeni i o sebe,” in Dnipropetrovs’kyi istorykoarkheohrafichnyi zbirnyk, vol. 1 (Dnipropetrovsk, 1997), 11.

  6. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 130–131.

  7. Oleksandra Andreiko, “Narys pro istoriiu sela Pykulovychi,” Forum sela Pykulovychi http://xn—b1albgfsd8a2b7j.xn—j1amh.

  8. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 135–137; Rossoliński-Liebe, Stepan Bandera, 351; Svitlana Voroz, “Ioho vchynkam nemaie vypravdannia,” Holos narodu, November 23, 2013; Roman Vasyl’ko, “Zlochyn: Khto hostryv sokyru?” OUN-UPA, http://oun-upa.org.ua/articles/vasylko.html; Vedeneev and Shevchenko, “Priznalsia, zabiraite.”

  9. Ovsiichuk, “Pivstolittia tomu”; Mikhail Kravchenko, “Trezubets v petle,” Russkoe voskresenie, www.voskres.ru/army/publicist/kravtshenko.htm.

  10. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 137.

  CHAPTER 4: PARACHUTIST

  1. Dmytro Viedienieiev and Hennadii Bystrukhin, Dvobii bez kompromisiv: Protyborstvo spetspidrozdiliv OUN ta radians’kykh syl spetsoperatsii, 1945–1980-ti rr. (Kyiv, 2007), 288–303, 392–409.

  2. John L. Steele, “Assassin Disarmed by Love: The Case of a Soviet Spy Who Defected to the West,” Life, September 7, 1962, 70–77, reprinted in Allen Dulles, ed., Great True Spy Stories (New York, 1968), 419–435; here, 421–422; Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 137.

  3. Viedienieiev and Bystrukhin, Dvobii bez kompromisiv, 290, 392–395; Stephen Dorril, MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty’s Secret Intelligence Service (New York, 2000), 223–248; Peter Gross, Operation Rollback: America’s Secret War Behind the Iron Curtain (New York, 2000), 171; Kevin C. Ruffner, “Cold War Allies: The Origins of CIA’s Relationship with Ukrainian Nationalists,” in Fifty Years of the CIA (Langley, VA, 1998), 29–30.

  4. Stepan Bandera u dokumentakh radians’kykh orhaniv derzhavnoi bespeky (1939–1959), ed. Volodymyr Serhiichuk (Kyiv, 2009), 3: 69–77, 95–96, 105.

  5. Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, 257–259; Dmytro Viedienieiev and Iurii Shapoval, “Maltiis’kyi sokil: Abo dolia Myrona Matviieika,” Dzerkalo tyzhnia, August 11, 2001; Viedienieiev and Bystrukhin, Dvobii bez kompromisiv, 392–399.

  6. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 137–138; Viedienieiev and Bystrukhin, Dvobii bez kompromisiv, 300–309; Georgii Sannikov, Bol’shaia okhota: Rasgrom vooruzhennogo podpol’ia v Zapadnoi Ukraine (Moscow, 2002), 16–18.

  CHAPTER 5: STREETS OF MUNICH

  1. Leonid Shebarshin, Ruka Moskvy: Zapiski nachal’nika Sovetskoi razvedki (Moscow, 1996), 150–152.

  2. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 138–141; Shchit i mech maiora Zoricha, television documentary, www.youtube.com/watch?v=pm5q_32UluE; Viedienieiev and Bystrukhin, Dvobii bez kompromisiv, photo of Colonel Aleksei [Oleksii] Daimon following p. 504; O. Daimon, “V okupovanomu Kyievi,” Z arkhiviv VUCHK-HPU-NKVD-KHB: Naukovyi i dokumental’nyi zhurnal 12, no. 1 (2000): 245ff.; Sannikov, Bol’shaia okhota, 18.

  3. David E. Murphy, Sergei A. Kondrashev, and George Bailey, Battleground Berlin: CIA vs. KGB in the Cold War (New Haven, CT, 1997), 256–259; George Blake, No Other Choice: An Autobiography (New York, 1991), 166–167.

  4. Dmytro Lykhovii and Lesia Shovkun, “Demokrat v OUN i persha zhertva KGB,” Ukrainska pravda, October 12, 2011.

  5. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 141–146; Andrii Rebet, “Lev i Dariia Rebet: Moï bat’ky,” paper delivered on June 24, 1998, at the Ukrainian Free University, Munich, manuscript, 13.

  6. Ivan Bysaha and Vasyl Halasa, Za velinniam sovisti (Kyiv, 1963); Stepan Mudryk-Mechnyk, OUN v Ukraïni i za kordonom pid provodom S. Bandery (Prychynky do istoriï, spohad) (Lviv, 1997), 128–129; Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 145, 616–617.

  7. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 154–160; Karl Anders, Murder to Order (London, 1965), 25–28.

  CHAPTER 6: WONDER WEAPON

  1. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 161–164.

  2. Ibid., 164–165.

  3. Ibid., 166–167.

  4. Ibid., 175–177; Anders, Murder to Order, 25–32.

  5. Anders, Murder to Order, 115; Nikolai Khokhlov, Pravo na sovest’ (Frankfurt, 1957), 113–138; “Shpion, kotoryi byl otravlen KGB, no vyzhil,” APN Nizhnii Novgorod, January 12, 2006, www.apn-nn.ru/contex_s/26820.html; Boris Volodarsky, The KGB’s Poison Factory: From Lenin to Litvinenko (Minneapolis, 2010), 184.

  CHAPTER 7: GREETINGS FROM MOSCOW

  1. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 170–172; Anders, Murder to Order, 35–36.

  2. Author’s interview with Andrii Rebet, Munich, July 1, 2012.

  3. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 172–174; Anders, Murder to Order, 35–37.

  4. Ibid., 174, 248–249, 615; Author’s interview with Anatol Kaminsky, a close associate of Daria Rebet, July 27, 2012; Memorandum for the Record, Subject: Meeting with AECASSOWARY 2 [Mykola Lebed] and 29 [Fr. Mykhailo Korzhan], April 3, 1962, 1, Aerodynamic: Contact Reports, vol. 45, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-19, B 23.

  5. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 174; Anders, Murder to Order, 10–11, 38–39, 57; Dmitrii Prokhorov, Skol’ko stoit prodat’ rodinu (St. Petersburg, 2005), 255.

  CHAPTER 8: RED SQUARE

  1. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 184–185; Anders, Murder to Order, 44–45; “Sem’ sester Stalina: Ili kak stroilis’ pervye sovetskie neboskreby,” Fact Magazine, February 12, 2011, www.magazinefact.com/articles/72-figures-and-faces/751-qseven-sistersq-of-stalin-or-how-the-first-soviet-skyscrapers-were-built.

  2. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 187.

  3. “Ishchenko Georgii Avksentievich,” in Nikita Petrov, Kto rukovodil organami gosbezopasnosti, 1941–1954: Spravochnik (Moscow, 2010), 430–431.

  4. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 182–183; Romantyk shakhiv ta ioho epokha: Stepan Popel’, comp. Ivan Iaremko (Lviv, 2009).

  5. Interview of Lieutenant General Vasilii Khristoforov, head of the Registration and Archives Directorate of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, in the television documentary Tainy razvedki: Likvidatsiia Stepana Bandery (2012).

  6. Stepan Bandera, “Nad mohyloiu Ievhena Konoval’tsia,” in Stepan Bandera, Perspektyv
y ukraïns’koï revoliutsiï (Kyiv, 1999), 587–591.

  7. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 149–150, 184.

  8. Ibid., 186–187; Anders, Murder to Order, 45.

  9. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 185–187; Nikolai Khokhlov, Pravo na sovest’ (Frankfurt, 1957).

  CHAPTER 9: HERR POPEL

  1. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 194–198; Rossoliński-Liebe, Stepan Bandera, 354; Anders, Murder to Order, 51–54; Richard Deacon and Nigel West, Spy! Six Stories of Modern Espionage (London, 1980), 127.

  2. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovski vbyvtsi, 198–199; Steele, “Assassin Disarmed by Love,” 430.

  CHAPTER 10: DEAD ON ARRIVAL

  1. “Delving Behind the Scenes of the Death of Stefan Bandera,” CIA report, July 14, 1960, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6, 15; “Ivan Kashuba’s Comments Regarding Bandera’s Last Moments of Life,” CIA, January 4, 1960, Attachment D, ibid., 1; Wiesław Romanowski, Bandera: Terrorysta z Galicji (Warsaw, 2012), 5–8.

  2. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 23–24, 33, 42; Romanowski, Bandera, 8.

  3. “Delving Behind the Scenes,” 11; Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 24–25.

  4. Edward Page Jr., AmConGen, Munich, to the Department of State, “Mysterious Poisoning of Stepan Bandera, Leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Banderists),” October 26, 1959, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6; “Delving Behind the Scenes,” 9–10; Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 39; Stepan Bandera u dokumentakh, 3:85–88; Rossoliński-Liebe, Stepan Bandera, 350.

  5. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 465–466; Romanowski, Bandera, 9.

  6. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 249; Münchener Merkur, October 20, 1959; cf. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 26; Rossoliński-Liebe, Stepan Bandera, 349.

  7. David Irving, The Secret Diaries of Hitler’s Doctor (London, 2005), 108, 119, 138, 242–243, 247, 269, 280; Gilbert Shama, “Pilzkrieg: The German Wartime Quest for Penicillin,” Microbiology Today 30 (August 2003): 120–123; Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 34–36.

  CHAPTER 11: FUNERAL

  1. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 471–475.

  2. Ibid., 27, 471–473, 481, 487–488; Memorandum for the Record, November 18, 1959, Subject: Contact with AECASSOWARY 2 [Mykola Lebed] on October 22 and 23, 1959, 1, Aerodynamic: Contact Reports, vol. 44, f. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-19, B 23.

  3. Stepan Bandera u dokumentakh, 3: 85–92; Romanowski, Bandera, 27.

  4. Stepan Mudryk, U borot’bi proty moskovs’koi ahentury (Munich, 1980), chap. 14; Iaroslav Svatko, Misiia Bandery (Lviv, 2003), 57–59; Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 22, 39; Rossoliński-Liebe, Stepan Bandera, 350.

  5. Mudryk, U borot’bi, chap. 14; Ivan Farion, “Shchob vriatuvaty Banderu, udar avta pryiniav na sebe . . . ,” Vysokyi zamok, December 28, 2008.

  6. Munich [base of operations] to Director [CIA], November 24, 1959, IN 11793, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6; Random Notes, The Role of Ivan Kashuba, May 2, 1960, ibid.; “Delving Behind the Scenes,” 17; “Ivan Kashuba’s Comments,” 1.

  CHAPTER 12: CIA TELEGRAM

  1. Munich to Director, IN 37607, October 15, 1959, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6.

  2. Sheridan Sansegundo, “William Hood: Of Moles and Double Agents,” South Hampton Star, June 9, 2005.

  3. Charles Hawley, “The US Soldier Who Liberated Munich Remembers Confronting the Nazi Enemy,” Spiegel International, April 29, 2005.

  4. John Fiehn, “Munich: New Center of Spy Intrigue,” Chicago’s American, January 17, 1960; Marta Dyczok, The Grand Alliance and Ukrainian Refugees (New York, 2000), 42–169.

  5. Richard Breitman and Norman J. W. Goda, Hitler’s Shadow: Nazi War Criminals, U.S. Intelligence, and the Cold War (Washington, DC, 2010), 77–80; Stepan Bandera u dokumentakh, 3:115–225; Anatol’ Kamins’kyi, Proloh u kholodnii viini proty Moskvy: Prodovzhennia vyzvol’noï borot’by iz-za kordonu (Hadiach, Ukraine, 2009), 40–58.

  6. Breitman and Goda, Hitler’s Shadow, 80–82, 40–58; Dorril, MI6, 231–235.

  7. Breitman and Goda, Hitler’s Shadow, 82–83, 85–88; Kamins’kyi, Proloh u kholodnii viini proty Moskvy, 3–39.

  8. Munich to Director, IN 37607, October 16, 1959, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6; Munich to Director, IN 38209, October 18, 1959, ibid.; Munich to Director, IN 38504, October 19, 1959, ibid.

  CHAPTER 13: UPSWING

  1. Director to Munich, Frankfurt, DIR 13898, March 20, 1958, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6; Munich to Director, IN 49176, March 27, 1958, ibid.

  2. Munich [General Consulate] to Secretary of State, Department of State, 10490, October 16, 1959, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6; Stepan Bandera to Osyp Bandera, November 1, 1955, in Posivnych, Stepan Bandera, 191–194; Stepan Bandera to Jaroslav Padoch, February 7, 1959, Jaroslaw Padoch Collection, no. 208, Ukrainian Museum and Library, Stamford, Connecticut.

  3. Timothy Snyder, The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999 (New Haven, CT, 2004), 154–178; John-Paul Himka, “Ukrainian Collaboration in the Extermination of the Jews During the Second World War: Sorting Out the Long-Term and Conjectural Factors,” in The Fate of the European Jews, 1939–1945: Continuity or Contingency, ed. Jonathan Frankel (Oxford, 1997), 170–189; Alex J. Motyl, “The Ukrainian Nationalist Movement and the Jews: Theoretical Reflections on Nationalism, Fascism, Rationality, Primordialism and History,” in Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, ed. Anthony Polonsky and Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern, vol. 26 (Oxford, 2014): 275–295.

  4. Munich [General Consulate] to Secretary of State, Department of State, 10490, October 16, 1959, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6; Page, “Mysterious Poisoning of Stefan Bandera”; Telegram from the Embassy in the Soviet Union to the Department of State, October 13, 1962, Foreign Relations of the United States [FRUS], 1961–1963, vol. 5, no. 245.

  5. CIA Memorandum, “Meeting with UPHILL Representatives,” May 26, 1961, 1, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6; Chief of Base, Munich, to Chief, S[oviet] R[ussia Division], October 5, 1959, DOI 70–17, ibid.; Munich to Director, IN 38209, October 18, 1959, ibid.; “Delving Behind the Scenes,” 4; Chief of Base, Munich, to chief S[oviet] R[ussia], DOI 70–17, October 5, 1958, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6; “Visit of Bandera to the USA,” Attachment to EGMA 45003, August 27, 1959, ibid.; Reinhard Heydenreuter, “Pidhotovka ta zdiisnennia zamakhu na Stepana Banderu 1959 r. v dzerkali miunkhens’kykhs’ politsiinykh aktiv,” in Ukrains’kyi vyzvol’nyi rukh 11 (Lviv, 2007): 217.

  6. E. H. Cookridge, Gehlen: Spy of the Century (New York, 1972); James H. Critchfield, Partners at the Creation: The Men Behind Postwar Germany’s Defense and Intelligence Establishments (Annapolis, MD, 2003), 200–218.

  7. “Herre, Heinz-Danko (1909–1988),” in Jefferson Adams, Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence (Lanham, MD, 2009), 183.

  8. Critchfield, Partners at the Creation, 96.

  9. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 22, 36; “Delving Behind the Scenes,” 4–6; Romanowski, Bandera, 24.

  10. Romanowski, Bandera, 22–23; “Delving Behind the Scenes,” 4–6; Munich to Director, IN 38504, October 19, 1959, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6.

  CHAPTER 14: PRIME SUSPECT

  1. Director to Munich, Frankfurt, DIR 01687, November 5, 1959, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA, RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6.

  2. “Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Disclosure Acts,” www.archives.gov/iwg/declassified-records/rg-263-cia-records/second-release-lexicon.pdf.

  3. Chief of Base, Munich, to Chief, S[oviet] R[ussia Division], November 12, 1959, EGMA 45907, 2, Stephen Bandera Name File, vol. 2, NARA,
RG 263, E ZZ-18, B 6; Romanowski, Bandera, 32–33.

  4. Viedienieiev and Shapoval, “Maltiis’kyi sokil.”

  5. Ibid.; Viedienieiev and Bystrukhin, Dvobii bez kompromisiv, 392–410; Adam Kaczyński, “Spadochroniarze OUN: Historia desantów z 14 maja 1951 r.,” Inne Oblicza Historii, https://ioh.pl/artykuly/pokaz/spadochroniarze-oun-historia-desantw-z--maja--r,1071.

  6. “Delving Behind the Scenes,” 11.

  7. Ibid., 11–12.

  8. Chief of Base, Munich, to Chief, S[oviet] R[ussia Division], November 12, 1959, EGMA 45907, 1, 2; “Delving Behind the Scenes,” 10.

  9. Chief of Base, Munich, to Chief, S[oviet] R[ussia Division], November 12, 1959, EGMA 45907, 1, 2; “Delving Behind the Scenes,” 10.

  CHAPTER 15: ACTIVE MEASURES

  1. Stashinsky’s Trial Transcripts, in Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 199; Anders, Murder to Order, 57.

  2. Murphy, Kondrashev and Bailey, Battleground Berlin, 257–58; Anatolii Gus’kov, Pod grifom pravdy. Ispoved’ voennogo kontrrazvedchika. Liudi, fakty, spetsoperatsii (Moscow, 2004), chap. 10; Eduard Khrutskii, Teni v pereulke (Moscow, 2006), 53–55; G. K. Zhukov, Vospominaniia i razmyshleniia (Moscow, 2002), 1: 331–33.

  3. Murphy et al., Battleground Berlin, 264–266; “Soviet Use of Assassination and Kidnapping,” CIA report, 1964, Center for the Study of Intelligence, https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol19no3/html/v19i3a01p_0001.htm.

  4. Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story of the Foreign Operations (New York, 1990), 384–385; Marc Fisher, “E. Germany Ran Antisemitic Campaign in West in 60s,” Washington Post, February 28, 1993.

  5. Murphy et al., Battleground Berlin, 325–326; FRUS, 1958–1960, vol. 8, Berlin Crisis, 1958–59, no. 348.

  6. Moskovs’ki vbyvtsi, 468; Heydenreuter, “Pidhotovka ta zdiisnennia zamakhu na Stepana Banderu 1959 r.,” 211–220.